Optical instrument.



PATENTED PEB. 12, 1907. J. J. PRIC. OPTICAL msTRUMENT'. APPLICATIONFILED JUNE 23. 1906.

I Mylo/L E Y Q A Arron/firs ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEF JAN raie, or PRAGUE, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

OPTICAL INSTRUMENT.

To all whom t 11i/ay concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEF JAN Fni, a subject of the Emperor of Austria,and residing at Prague, Bohemia, Austria, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Optical Instruments', of which kthe following isa specification, such 'as Will enable those skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.y

VThis invention relates .to optical instrumehts, and particularly tothat class of scientific measuring and observation devices known asquartz-Wedge polariscopes; and the object of the invention is to providea polariscope of this class with an adjustable device whereby thehereinbefore unchange- `able brightness and sensitiveness of' thequartz-wedge polariscope can be increased and diminished and adjusted tosuit the requirements of the solution or of the object to be analyzed;,and I attain this object by the interposition of rotatable mechanism,whe reby the polarizing-prism can be oseillated at an angle different tothe anal zing-prism.

The invention is fully disclosediin the following specitication, ofwhich the accompanyin drawings, illustrating a preferable mode omechanical execution, forms a part, in which the separate parts of myimprovement are designated by suitable reference characters in each ofthe views, and in Which- Figure l isa vertical longitudinal side view ofa quartz-wedge polariscope, shown partly in section, illustrating mydevice; and Fig. 2 is a front view of my device, shown A partly insection. v The advantages of the usual circular p olariscopes forgeneral use and adapted for l which is examined may admit.

monochromatic light and :fitted withA Laurents or Lippichs polarizingsystem consist in the possibility of a slight rotation of theirpolarizing-prisms for an adjustment of the brightness and sensitivenessof the instrument as far as the solution or the object Such adjustedposition in the polarizing-prism requires a certain correspondingposition .of the analyzing prism, which can be adjusted theretoaccordingly. Quartz-wedge 'polariscopes, on account of theirconstruct-ion, do not allow such an adjustment, as it -would benecessary after each change of positlon of the polarizing prism -toremove the quartzwedges in order to make possible the adjust-Speciflcation df Letters Patent. Applition led June 23, 1906. Serial No.323.025.

Patented Feb. 12, 1907.

ment of the analyzing-prism. For this rea-- son quartz-wedgepolariscopes have as yet been constructed only for a certainunchangeable brightness and sensitiveness. A great advantage of thisinstrument consists in the possibility of employing intense white light;but it does not possess the advantage of adjustable sensitiveness, whichlatter defectmy improvement completely 'rectiiies The system underlyingmy improvement rests upon the fact that the rotation of theanalyzing-prism must imply a rotation over an angle exactly ene-halfthat of the polarizing-prism, and the device specifically describedbelow and illustrated-in the accompanying drawings consists in the`mechanical arrangement of turning the analyzing-prism overa certainangle, whereby also mechanically the polarizing-prism is movedsimultaneously over an angle of twice the degree of Ithe formen-it alsobeing possible to attain the same effect by separate movements. Theprisms once adjusted may always be kept in a correct reciprocalposition, and for this reason the quartz-wedge polariscope in my`improved form will always be ready for work, there being obviated thenecessity to remove the wedges fromv the path of the rays of lightiferthe purpose of adjustment.

In the acce panying drawings, a is the polariscope.

b is the polarizing-prism. r

analyzer. v

The stand e of the polariscope is provided centrally Witth alongitudinally -ranging sliaftf, which can be rotated by the thumbscrewg, `the latter having a circular scale. The outer ends of the shaft frun in bearings, and these ends arey each provided with pinions t,whichl rotate with the shaft f.v As the requirement of this class ofapparatus limits the rotation Aof the Aprisms to a range not exceedingten degrees7 the pinions i are,of small diameter. Gearing into lthepinions are downwardly-directed' segmental gears j, each one having itsownx'pivotal bearing on the frame of tlie'apparatusj" and each gear hasan upwardly-directed arm c and s, which arms are fastened to .thepivot-shaft m m and swing in a reverse direction to their lowersegmental gear Engaging with the teeth of the upper segmental arms 7cand s are segmental gearing provided .on leverarms 'a and o, whichlatter have las their pivc 1s the analizing-prism, and d is theclosed lloi ' which will enable the analyzing-prism c other mechanical deviceswhereby rotative otal bearings the inclosing circular framel from thespirit of my invention or sacriiicing Work p of the polarizing-prism band of the its advantages. I .l f3, analyzing-prism c. A fm; .f/ iHaving -fully described my invention"7 what The construction, position,and operation l I claim as new7 and desire to secure by'Letof thevarious gearings j, YIt', s, 1t, and o is identers Patent, is ic tical,except that the' radii ot the engaging 1. A lquartz-wedge polariscopehaviiigipan gears k and `n for, the polarizing-prism isproanalyzing-prism and` a polarizing-prisriisuitportioned to the radiiof the engaging gears s A' n I ably mounted in order to illuminate thesuband o in such a manner that the transmission ject matter ofanalyzation provided with 0f rotationis effected at the rate .of one tol l means to rotate the polarizing and the analyzone at the analyzer andat one te two at the i ing prisms upon their axis, one of such prismspolarizer, or the reciprocal length o'l the l adapted to describelthereby an angular geared lever-arm o is to the iength of' the l travelequal to one-half of the other prism, geared lever-arm n proportioned insuch a i manner that the geared lever-arms s and. lc i will transmittothe former and the therewithy connected prisms c and i with means ofrotating b arotaiy motion,

' to l movement a rotation of the analyzing-'prism traverse an angle ofbut one-half ofthat of l over half the angle of the simultaneously-rothepolarizing-prismby any rotative movetating polarizing-prism. nientapplied to the shaft f by means of the i thuinb-screw g. If themovementsV of prisms are required to be eiiected separately, llarizing-prism, l each of the prisms can be connected to its i andadapted to rotate in a common axis', oWnthumb screw, (eventuallytangentgeared leverarms which are pivotally rotatscrew,) the latterbeing provided with special ing around the axis of the prisms andadaptcirrcular scales. I l ed torotat'e the., prisms, such geared lever-It will thus be seen that by means of: my l arms being of predeterminedradial lengths improved quartz-wedge polariscope the sensil and operatedby means of engaging gears of tiveness of the apparatus can be ininutelyl predetermined length with the object of roadjusted in accordance withthe requirement tating one of the prisms over of the solution or objectunder observation gular distance to that of the other prism, and thatthe mechanism is both easy of, op-

and means for simultaneously operating eration and positive in action.each of said gears from a coinmon'point of I do not confine myself .tothe particular il application. arrangement of pinions and pivoted lever#In testimony that-I claim the foregoing as arms 'as shown and described,but similar my invention I have signed my name, in

' presence oi two witnesses, this 7th day of movement can be given tothe quartz-wedge June, 1906. x v prisms produced at the ratio of angularde- ,JOSEP JAN lRIC.

both prisms suitably mounted Witnesses:

liinonoitn J. HiiA, ADoLin FISCHER.

viation of one to two between the analyzing and polarizing prisms can beadapted in order to obtain this result without departing i 1 i l neousiyin a mannei securing by such rotary double the an sof 2. A quartz-wedgepolariseope having an` analyzing and a polarizing prism proyidedh bothprisms simulta-f 3. In a quartz-wedge polariscope having the an analyzerand an analyzing-prism and apo-

